What is the difference between a group and a period

Can someone me with 1 to 4 plz. fast

In the cathode ray tube experiment, j. j. thomson passed an electric current through different gases inside a cathode ray tube in the presence of an electric field. in which two ways did this experiment change scientists’ understanding of the atom?

1) describe the physical layout of the ocean floor ? 2) explain how the dumbo octopus swims differently than other octopus species and why this would be an advantage in the aphonic zone . 3) why are the types of organisms that live at each underwater hot vent so dramatically different ?