Each of the following code fragments contains a number of security vulnerabilities. for each fragment, identify these security vulnerabilities and, for each vulnerability, discuss at least one way that it could be improved. note that in your discussion of how each vulnerability could be improved, you do not need to re-write a new version of the program in c; simply discuss your solution, either in pseudocode or in 1-2 sentences. (hint: consider checking the examples in section 3.4 of the text for ideas)

Solution: the categorization of functional and non-functional requirement are as follows: some of the more typical functional requirements include: • business rules• transaction corrections, adjustments and cancellations• administrative functions• authentication• authorization levels• audit tracking• external interfaces• certification requirements• reporting requirements• historical data• legal or regulatory requirementswhile,some typical non-functional requirements are: • performance – for example response time, throughput, utilization, static volumetric• scalability• capacity• availability• reliability• recoverability• maintainability• serviceability• security• regulatory• manageability• environmental• data integrity• usability• interoperability

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