Given a pattern containing only i’s and d’s. i for increasing and d for decreasing. devise an algorithm to print the minimum number following that pattern. digits from 1-9 and digits can’t repeat.

When making changes to optimize part of a processor, it is often the case that speeding up one type of instruction comes at the cost of slowing down something else. for example, if we put in a complicated fast floating-point unit, that takes space, and something might have to be moved farther away from the middle to accommodate it, adding an extra cycle in delay to reach that unit. the basic amdahl's law equation does not take into account this trade-off. a. if the new fast floating-point unit speeds up floating-point operations by, on average, 2ă—, and floating-point operations take 20% of the original program's execution time, what is the overall speedup (ignoring the penalty to any other instructions)? b. now assume that speeding up the floating-point unit slowed down data cache accesses, resulting in a 1.5ă— slowdown (or 2/3 speedup). data cache accesses consume 10% of the execution time. what is the overall speedup now? c. after implementing the new floating-point operations, what percentage of execution time is spent on floating-point operations? what percentage is spent on data cache accesses?

4. what is the reason for including the following code snippet in the header file animal.h? #ifndef animal_h #define animal_h class animal { public: animal(); animal(double new_area_hunt); void birth(); void hunt(double new_area_hunt); void death(); double get_area_hunt() const; private: double area_hunt; }; #endif

Suppose a cpu with a write-through, write-allocate cache achieves a cpi of 2. what are the read and write bandwidths (measured by bytes per cycle) between ram and the cache? (assume each miss generates a request for one block.)