Provides all the components necessary for different types of users and entities to be able to communicate securely and in a predictable manner and it consists of hardware, applications, policies, services, programming interfaces, cryptographic algorithms, protocols, users, and utilities.

Public Key Infrastructure

Explanation:

Public Key Infrastructure(PKI) is a framework of hardware and software components that provides data encryption and cyber security through assigning cryptographic keys to users and devices on the network.PKI use the assigned keys to identify these entities and avoid falsification of identity. A component of the PKI known as the Certificate Authourity(CA) is used to authenticate the digital identities of these entities through verifying certificates issued by the registration Authourity.This digital framework provides the components for the users and entities to communicate securely on the network.

i think the answer is a or d

a software engineer i believe