An open system consists of nonproprietary hardware and software based on publicly known standards that allows third parties to create add-on products to plug into or interoperate with the system. a. management systemb. reputation systemc. knowledge systemd. open system

The answer is "Option D".

Explanation:

A system or a group of components that communicate with your environment through the sharing of resources, materials, and knowledge with a view to system regeneration and development is known as an Open system. In other words, we can say that it is a system that includes a non-proprietary hardware and advert-based software which enables third parties to add or interact with products to plug in the system and It is freely available on the internet. In this question, the incorrect options can be described as follows:

In option A, The management system is used by an organization. It is a paid system that's why it is not correct. In option B, This system enables users in online communities and evaluates one another that's why it is not correct. In option C, This type of system provides resources for upgrade user knowledge. It is a paid system that's why it is not correct.  

Hacking is when someone without the right to do so, goes into your accounts or stuff and takes over it and you can’t get back on it.

The type of program is the hierarchical grid