What process does a system use to officially permit access to a file or a program cis 502 ?

Authorization                                

Explanation:

Authorization is a security process to determine access levels related to system resources such as files, services, computer programs, data and application features. This is the method of allowing or denying access to a resource which enables the user to get access to various services and resources depending on the user's identity.

Authorization is the process that checks if a user has the permission to get access to a particular file or perform a particular action, ensuring that user has successfully authenticated himself. It refers to defining access policy.

For example a system administrator determines for the system device, in multi-user computer systems, which users are granted access to system and its resources and privileges are granted.