Write a program that takes as input a positive integer, and outputs a string of 1's and 0's representing the integer in binary. For an integer x, the algorithm is:

As long as x is greater than 0
Output x % 2 (remainder is either 0 or 1)
x = x / 2
Note: The above algorithm outputs the 0's and 1's in reverse order.

If the input is 6, the output is 011. (6 in binary is 110; the algorithm outputs the bits in reverse).

The code below is in Java.

It uses an indefinite while loop to apply the given algorithm and stores the result in a String.  Then, it uses a for loop to print the each character of the String starting from the end of the String.

Comments are used to explain each line.

//Main.java

import java.util.*;

public class Main

{

public static void main(String[] args) {

    //declare the Scanner object to get input

    Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

    //declare the variables

    int x;

    String s = "";

    //get the input

    x = input.nextInt();

    //create an indefinite while loop

    while(x > 0){

        //apply the given algorithm and store the result in the s

        s += x % 2;

               x = x / 2;

    }

    //iterate over the s from end to the beginning and print each character

    for(int i=s.length()-1; i>=0; i--)

        System.out.print(s.charAt(i));

}

}

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I implemented this program in C++ programming language using Dev C++.

You can get the running code with an explanation in the explanation section. This program is tested for all input as asked in the question. However, this program can convert any integer into binary and then print the binary digits into reverse order.  

Explanation:

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

int x,j,i;// to declare the variable  

int a[10];

cout<<"Enter value for x: ";//allow user to enter the value;  

cin>>x;

if(x<0)//check if user enter negative value

{

 cout<<"You entered negative value.\n";

 cout<<"Enter value for x: ";//allow user to enter the value;  

 cin>>x;

}

for( i=0; x>0;i++)// loop until x become zero

{

 a[i]=x%2;//store remainder into array a[]

 cout<<a[i];//print the first binary value that got from previous remainder operation

 x=x/2;// divide the value that is entered by user by 2

 j=j+1;/* count the number of binary bit i.e how many zero and one in an array (j is used to count the number of element in array a[]*/

}

cout<<"\n ";//newline

for(int i=1;i<=j;i++)//print array in reverse order

{

 cout<<a[j-i];// print reverse order

}

return 0;

}

answer; and; //can be required to complete driving school course;