What is the impedance mismatch problem? Which of the three programming approaches minimizes this problem?

The problem that created due to the difference in the model of programming language and the database model.

Explanation:

The practical relational model has three components which are as follows

1.Attributes

2.Datatypes

3.Tuples

To minimize this problem  

1.We switch low pass L-Network to high pass L-network

2.We switch high pass L-Network to low pass L-network

3.We use the impedence matching transformer