What is the term used for disturbance in the communication between a sender and a receiver? *blank* is the disturbance caused when a message is transmitted between the sender and the receiver.

Choose the correct citation for the case which established the "minimum contacts" test for a court's jurisdiction in a case. select one: a. brown v. board of education of topeka, 347 u.s. 483 (1954). b. international shoe co. v. washington, 326 u.s. 310 (1945) c. haynes v. gore, 531 u.s. 98 (2000). d. international shoe co. v. washington, 14 u.s. code 336.