Both TCP and UDP use 1’s complement for their checksum values: a. Suppose that you have the following 8-bit bytes: 01010101, 01110000, and 01001100. Calculate the 1’s complement of the sum of all of these 8-bit bytes (that is, add them all together and then determine the 1’s complement from that sum), being sure to handle the overflow as described in the text in a circular fashion. Note that TCP and UDP use 16-bit words in computing the checksum, but only 8-bits are used here for simplicity. b. Is it possible that a 1-bit error will go undetected by the checksum? If yes, explicitly state how this can happen. c. Is it possible that a 2-bit error will go undetected by the checksum? If yes, explicitly state how this can happen.

a  social news website  is an  internet  website  that features  user-posted stories. such stories are ranked based on popularity, as voted on by other users of the site or by website administrators. users typically comment online on the news posts and these comments may also be ranked in popularity. since their emergence with the birth of  web 2.0, social news sites have been used to link many types of information, including news, humor, support, and discussion. all such websites allow the users to submit content and each site differs in how the content is moderated. on the  slashdot  and  fark  websites,  administrators  decide which articles are selected for the front page. on  reddit  and  digg, the articles that get the most votes from the community of users will make it to the front page. many social news websites also feature an online comment system, where users discuss the issues raised in an article. some of these sites have also applied their voting system to the comments, so that the most popular comments are displayed first. some social news websites also have a  social networking  function, in that users can set up a user profile and follow other users' online activity on the website.