Opportunity cost occurs because of a producers need to

To allocate resources.

A producer needs to take opportunity cost into consideration and make calculated decisions about how to allocate resources and capture more value. The opportunity cost of such calculated decisions is the value of the next best alternative use of allocation of scarce resources. What this means is that, if the producers decide to use these resources, they will be giving up the next best alternative.

answer; a negative sanction is a punishment or threat of punishment used to enforce is the correct answer