This problem will test your understanding of the sponge construction by having you simulate it. The internal function used will be the permutation p : {0,1}8 → {0,1}8 where p(x) = x <<< 1 (an 8-bit permutation where x is rotated left one bit). We will use rate R = 3 bits and capacity C = 5 bits. This setup is the same as the previous question. Let's say that after padding your data is 101011. After absorbing this data, what is the value of your chaining block?