Even before recorded history, humans used various aids, such as pebbles and notched sticks, to keep track of quantities. By 1200, a(n)- calculator, called the abacus, had appeared in China. Devices such as the abacus require the operator to apply a(n) to perform calculations. In contrast, calculators, such as the Pascaline and de Colmar's Arithmometer, are designed to carry out calculations autonomously. In the 1800s, an English mathematician named Charles proposed to build a device, called the Analytical Engine that would operate using steam power. The design for this device embodied many of the concepts that define the modern computer. In the 1930s and 1940s, several computers were developed, including the Atanasoff-Berry Computer, Z3, Harvard Mark I, Colossus, and ENIAC. Most of these early computers used tubes, which paved the way for the architecture of first-generation computers, such as UNIVAC. Second-generation computers were smaller and less power hungry because they used . Third-generation computers were even smaller because they used circuits. The key technology for fourth-generation computers, including personal computers, is the .

Write a program to analyze student’s scores. each student’s id and 4 original test scores are saved in the attached file “student_id_scores.txt”. assume there are exactly 15 students in the class.• the program first opens the file, reads student’s ids and scores from the file and saves them in two arrays: o create a one-dimensional string array “ids” to store the student’s ids.o create a (parallel) two-dimensional int array “scores” to store student’s original test scores. this array has 5 columns, the original 4 test scores should be saved in the first 4 columns, and the last column will be used to save the average score after the calculation in next step.• the program then retrieves test scores from the array “scores”, calculates average score and determines the final letter grade based on the rules in the table below for each student. assume average score is integer value.average score = (score1 + score2 + score3 + score4) / 4average score letter grade90 ~ 100 a80 ~ 89 b70 ~ 79 c60 ~ 70 d0 ~ 60 f• the average score should be saved back in the 5th column of “scores” array.• create a new parallel one-dimensional char array “grades” to save each student’s letter grade.• program also needs to find the number of a, number of b, number of c, number of d and number of f grade. as well as the highest, lowest and average score of the class.• finally, program will display all of the original scores and all results on the computer screen using the format shown as the sample output below.• the program must contain at least the following functions: (1) a function “getscores” to read and store data into “ids” and “scores” arrays.(2) a function “analyzescores” to calculate student’s average score, determine letter grade, get the number of a, b, c, d and f, find the highest, lowest and average score of the class.(3) a function “displayresults” to display all of the results