Which wireless standard made aes and ccm mandatory

There is a simple pattern for determining if a binary number is odd. what is it and why does this pattern occur? how many bits would you need if you wanted to have the ability to count up to 1000? how high could you count in binary if you used all 10 of your fingers as bits? (finger up means 1, finger down means 0)

Idon understand these and need some ! ?

In which phase does software coding and testing happen in the spiral model? the spiral model does not have a separate testing phase. both, software coding and testing occurs during the phase.