Suppose that an intruder has an encrypted message as well as the decrypted version of that message. Can the intruder mount a ciphertext-only attack, a known-plaintext attack, or a chosen-plaintext attack?

system programmer option d is correct

because an operating system is software that manages computer hardware and system resources.

no. when the asker posts the question they can make a question worth what ever they think is a fair price. although it must be within the limit of the points they currently own. 5 is the minimum number of points a question can be worth. if a question is complicated or has lots of parts to it, it is better to make it worth more because more people will be more willing to answer.

hope this !

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which functions return a valid value without any arguments?

(-blank- and -blank- return a valid value without any arguments.)

1st -blank-

today

sqrt

count

2nd -blank-

round

now

sqrt