Asimplified problem for a hydro plant involves a penstock of length 2500 ft, the velocity of the penstock is 6 ft/sec, the penstock area is 100 ft2, the surge tank area is proposed to be 2000 ft2, and the friction head loss in the pen stock is 3 ft. determine the approximate maximum pressure surge in the surge tank and time from beginning of flow until maximum surge if the gate valve is suddenly closed.

Different types of steels contain different elements that alter the characteristics of the steel. for each of the following elements, explain what the element does when alloyed with steel.

Which of the following ziegler nichols tuning methods the response of the controller to a step input should exhibit an s-shaped curve? a)-open loop mode b)-closed loop mode c)-both modes (open & closed) d)-none of the modes (open & closed)

Awall of 0.5m thickness is to be constructed from a material which has average thermal conductivity of 1.4 w/mk. the wall is to be insulated with a material having an average thermal conductivity of 0.35 w/mk so that heat loss per square meter shall not exceed 1450 w. assume inner wall surface temperature of 1200°c and outer surface temperature of the insulation to be 15°c. calculate the thickness of insulation required.