1. password crackers pose a threat to which characteristic of data and in what state? 2. what are the two steps necessary to crack a password efficiently? 3. what program would an attacker use to crack a list of hashes with the filename pws. txt? what would be the command to perform a brute-force attack? 4. what would be the command to perform a dictionary attack with a dictionary file named commonpw. txt? (assume that the hashes are in a file called pwout. txt, which is in the same directory as john and commonpw. txt.) 5. based on this output from john the ripper, how many calculations per second is it performing? how long has it been running?