Draw the typical construction organization chart for vertical and horizontal construction; describe the location of where the material testing comes into play. what is the reasoning behind the difference, regarding the material testing, could any ethics issues arise and if so what is the industry standard that is used if any?

Amixture of slurry and mud is to be pumped through a horizontal pipe of diameter 500 mm. the fluid behaves as a bingham plastic with a yield stress of 30 pa and viscosity 0.04 pa.s. describe the effects of the shear stress through a transverse section of the pipe by plotting the variation in shear stress and velocity profile: (i) just before the slurry starts to move (ii) as the slurry flows when the pressure gradient is double that in part (i)