The density of a liquid is to be determined by an old 1-cm-diameter cylindrical hydrometer whose division marks are completely wiped out. the hydrometer is first dropped in water, and the water level is marked. the hydrometer is then dropped into the other liquid, and it is observed that the mark for water has risen 0.3 cm above the liquid–air interface (fig. p11–31). if the height of the original water mark is 12.3 cm, determine the density of the liquid.

Agas contained within a piston-cylinder assembly e end nation about same energy states, 1 and 2, where pi 10 bar, v undergoes two processes, a and b, between the sam 0.1 m3, ui-400 kj and p2 1 bar, v2 1.0 m2, u2 200 kj: process a: process from 1 to 2 during which the pressure- volume relation is pv constant process b: constant-volume process from state 1 to a pressure of 2 bar, followed by a linear pressure-volume process to +20 0 state 2 kinetic and potential energy effects can be ignored. for each of the processes a and b, (a) sketch the process on p-v coordinates, (b) evaluate the work, in kj, and (c) evaluate process the heat transfer, in kj