Calculate tunneling probability through 1 nm SiO2 gate insulator and 3 nm HfO2 gate insulator of an field-effect transistor. Energy barriers of penetration of electron through and are 8 and 6 eV respectively. Calculate tunneling leakage current through the gates of an area of 0.1 mm2 .

An ideal otto cycle with air as the working fluid has a compression ratio of 8. the minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 300 k and 1340 k. use constant specific heats at room temperature to determine (a) the amount of heat transferred to the air during the heat- addition kj/kg, (b) the thermal efficiency, and (c) the thermal efficiency of a carnot cycle ope limits. process, in rating between the same temperature