The output of a voltage amplifier is a sinusoid of amplitude 5 Vp-p when no load is connected to the output. The amplitude of the output waveform drops by 15%when a 5 kΩ resistor is connected to the output. Determine the output resistance of the amplifier

Amixture of slurry and mud is to be pumped through a horizontal pipe of diameter 500 mm. the fluid behaves as a bingham plastic with a yield stress of 30 pa and viscosity 0.04 pa.s. describe the effects of the shear stress through a transverse section of the pipe by plotting the variation in shear stress and velocity profile: (i) just before the slurry starts to move (ii) as the slurry flows when the pressure gradient is double that in part (i)