The distance between the main pillars of two bridges on a highway was measured 5 times. The recorded measurements are 282.4 m, 282.45 m, 284.10 m, 282.10 m, and 281.99 m, respectively. What is your assessment of these measurements in terms of the range of random errors and potential gross errors

Amixture of slurry and mud is to be pumped through a horizontal pipe of diameter 500 mm. the fluid behaves as a bingham plastic with a yield stress of 30 pa and viscosity 0.04 pa.s. describe the effects of the shear stress through a transverse section of the pipe by plotting the variation in shear stress and velocity profile: (i) just before the slurry starts to move (ii) as the slurry flows when the pressure gradient is double that in part (i)