Show that a chirped Gaussian pulse is compressed initially inside a single-mode fiber when ftC < 0. Derive expressions for the minimum width and the fiber length at which the minimum occurs.

Explain the strain-hardening phenomenon on the basis of dislocation - dislocation strain field interactions. also, briefly describe what generally happens to the ductility of a metal that has been strain hardened (i.e. does strain hardening make a metal more ductile or