Orthogonal machining is done with a depth of cut, width of cut, and cutting velocity of 0.75 mm, 10 mm, and 12 m/min, respectively. If the power consumed by the machine tool is measured to be 4.5 kW, find the specific energy of the material being cut. Assume there are no power losses in the machine tool other than due to cutting.

Liquid flows at steady state at a rate of 2 lb/'s through a pump, which operates to raise the elevation of the liquid 100 ft from control volume inlet to exit. the liquid specific enthalpy at the inlet is 40.09 btu/lb and at the exit is 40.94 btub. the pump requires 3 btu/s of power to operate. if kinetic energy effects are negligible and gravitational acceleration is 32.174 tt/s, the heat transfer rate associated with this steady state process is most closely 1)-2,02 btu/s from the liquid to the surroundings 2)-3.98 btu/s from the surroundings to the liquid. 3)-4.96 btu/s from the surroundings to the liquid. 4)-1.04 btu/s from the liquid to the surroundings.