Warm air is blown over the inner surface of an automobile windshield to defrost ice accumulated on the outer surface of the windshield. Consider an automobile windshield (kw 5 0.8 Btu/h. ft. R) with an overall height of 20 in and thickness of 0.2 in. The outside air (1 atm) ambient temperature is 88F and the average airflow velocity over the outer windshield surface is 50 mph, while the ambient temperature inside the automobile is 778F. Determine the value of the convection heat transfer coefficient for the warm air blowing over the inner surface of the windshield, necessary to cause the accumulated ice to begin melting. Assume the windshield surface can be treated as a flat plate surface.

A3-mm-thick panel of aluminum alloy (k 177 w/m-k, c 875 j/kg-k and ? = 2770 kg/m) is finished on both sides with an epoxy coating that must be cured at or above t,-150°c for at least 5 min. the production line for the curing operation involves two steps: (1) heating in a large oven with air at ts,0-175°c and a convection coefficient of h, 40 w/m2. k, and (2) cooling in a large chamber with air at 25°c and a con- vection coefficient of he 10 w/m2.k. the heating portion of the process is conducted over a time interval te which exceeds the ime required to reach 150°c by 5 min (h = r + 300 s). the coating has an emissivity of ? = 0.8, and the temperatures of the oven and chamber walls are 175 and 25°c, respectively. if the panel is placed in the oven at an initial temperature of 25°c and removed from the chamber at a safe-to-touch tempera ture of 37°c, what is the total elapsed time for the two-step curing operation?