The clock period of a ripple counter must be longer than the total propagation
delays through all of the flip-flops. For proper operation, the period / frequency
should be:
Tmin = N x tpd where tpd is the propagation delay fmax = 1/ Tmin = 1/ (N x tpd).
If the propagation delay is 15ns for a J-K FF, what is the largest
MOD counter that can be constructed to ensure the counter will operate for
frequencies > 12 MHz?

Afour cylinder four-stroke in-line engine has a stroke of 160mm, connecting rod length of 150mm, a reciprocating mass of 3kg and its firing order is 1-3-4-2. the spacing between cylinders is 100mm. i. show that the engine is in balance with regard to the primary inertia forces and primary 3. a and secondary inertia couples. li determine the out of balance secondary inertia force ii. propose ways of balancing this out of balance force and discuss the challenges that will arise