A thermal process is being used to reduce the microbial population on product contact surfaces of the packages needed for aseptic packaging of the liquid product. The spoilage microorganism has a D121 5 10 min and a z 5 88C. The microbial population on the surface is 100 per cm2 and the product contact surface area is 8 cm2 for each package. A 9D process has been recommended. a. Determine the process time for the containers at 1408C. b. Estimate the number of containers with spoilage based on survivors on the package surface when 10 million packages have been filled.

Line joining liquid phase with liquid and solid phase mixture is known as: a) liquidus b) solidus c) tie line d) none of the mentioned

Apump is used to circulate hot water in a home heating system. water enters the well-insulated pump operating at steady state at a rate of 0.42 gal/min. the inlet pressure and temperature are 14.7 lbf/in.2, and 180°f, respectively; at the exit the pressure is 60 lbf/in.2 the pump requires 1/15 hp of power input. water can be modeled as an incompressible substance with constant density of 60.58 lb/ft3 and constant specific heat of 1 btu/lb or. neglecting kinetic and potential energy effects, determine the temperature change, in °r, as the water flows through the pump.

Ariver flows from north to south at 8 km/h. a boat is to cross this river from west to east at a speed of 20 km/h (speed of the boat with respect to the earth/ground). at what angle (in degrees) must the boat be pointed upstream such that it will proceed directly across the river (hint: find the speed of the boat with respect to water/river)? a 288 b. 21.8 c. 326 d. 30.2