Problem 4 A sample of dense sand tested in a triaxial consolidation drained (CD) test failed along a well defined failure plane at an angle of 66 degrees from the horizontal. Find the effective confining pressure of the test (scell) if the principal stress difference (s1-s3) at failure was 100 kPa.

Calculate the bore of a cylinder that has a stroke of 18 inches and an extension time of 6 seconds at a flow rate of 4 gal/min.

Aturning operation is performed with following conditions: rake angle of 12°, a feed of 0.35 mm/rev, and a depth of cut of 1.1 mm. the work piece is aluminum alloy 6061 with t6 heat treatment (a16061-t6). the resultant chip thickness was measured to be 1.0 mm. estimate the cutting force, fc. use shear stress of 207 mpa and coefficient of friction on the tool face of 0.6.

A)-explain briefly the importance of standards in engineering design. b)- what is patent? c)-explain the relationship between these standards: b.s. and b.s.en d)- in engineering design concepts, types of loads and how they act are important factors. explain.