Consider an A36 steel section (let's say a W-shape) used as a steel column in a certain structural application. A normal service load of 108 kips is expected on this column during its service life. Using load and resistance factor design (LRFD), it is determined that the minimum cross-sectional area required for this steel section to safely carry the service load is 6 in2 . If a load factor of 1.5 was used in the LRFD of this column, the resistance factor was:

Afour cylinder four-stroke in-line engine has a stroke of 160mm, connecting rod length of 150mm, a reciprocating mass of 3kg and its firing order is 1-3-4-2. the spacing between cylinders is 100mm. i. show that the engine is in balance with regard to the primary inertia forces and primary 3. a and secondary inertia couples. li determine the out of balance secondary inertia force ii. propose ways of balancing this out of balance force and discuss the challenges that will arise