Question 3 for engineering dynamics

Which of the following components of a pid controlled accumulates the error over time and responds to system error after the error has been accumulated? a)- proportional b)- derivative c)- integral d)- on/off.

Hydraulic fluid with a sg. of 0.78 is flowing through a 1.5 in. i.d. pipe at 58 gal/min. the fluid has an absolute viscosity of 11.8 x 105 lbf-sec/ft2. is the flow laminar, turbulent or within the critical range? give both a numerical reynolds number and a term answer.

Water at the rate of 1 kg/s is forced through a tube with a 2.5 cm inner diameter. the inlet water temperature is 15°c, and the outlet water temperature is 50°c. the tube wall temperature is 14°c higher than the local water temperature all along the length of the tube. what is the length of the tube?