A simple Brayton cycle using air as the working fluid has a pressure ratio of 10.9. The minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 280 K and 1410 K. Assuming constant specific heats, an efficiency of 100% for compressor and turbine, Determine:

Precipitation hardening can be achieved in many light alloys by a three-step heat treatment. what is carried out and what is the purpose at each step? why is such a treatment necessary based on the nucleation and growth theory of phase transformation. compare this treatment with tempering martensite for carbon steels (similarities and differences).