Is abbey using ethos, pathos, or logos when he describes his experience in glen canyon before and after it was dammed?

i think it is a conjuction because it is definitly not a preposition

how is the underlined gerund phrase used in the sentence?  

josh's plan, rushing the passer, seemed sound to us.

a.

object of a preposition

b.

direct object

c.

appositive

d.

subject

in the united states during world war ii, propaganda was everywhere. there were posters with uncle sam on them telling young men to enlist in the military and go fight. there were posters with american soldiers and american flags, with the words ‘buy war bonds’ at the bottom. the japanese navy devastated pearl harbor, and in its wake it left the american people with a passion for vengeance. the empire of japan was violating widely accepted human rights in eastern asia, and its government had been seen by the oppressed as a monster that needed to be stopped. the world was divided between two sides, the majority of the nations of the world supporting the allied powers. if propaganda had not been used to rally support for the war, it is possible that the war effort would not have been as powerful. perhaps it could have been weak enough for the axis powers to continue building up strength all over the world. however, this does not justify propaganda as something that is absolutely ‘good’.