And every fair from fair sometimes declines, by chance, or natures changing course utimm'd. from sonnet 18. the purpose of these lines is

The purpose of these lines is to show that every beautiful thing some time will lose its beauty either by time (nature's changing course) or by chance e.g. an unfortunate event

the answer is the last one

a-he encouraged islamic schools to introduce greek texts.

d-he invited greek scholars to teach their texts to the locals.

explanation:

the transmission of the greek classics to latin western europe during the middle ages was a key factor in the development of intellectual life in western europe.[1] interest in greek texts and their availability was scarce in the latin west during the earlier middle ages, but as traffic to the east increased so did western scholarship.

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