Alfred wegeners theory of continental drift was not widely accepted by the scientific community. describe the weakness in his theory and discuss how the theory of plate tectonics offered a more complete explanation

The main weakness was that Wegener could not explain how the continents could plow through the seafloor, another problem he had was that he couldn't find the mechanism that caused the continents to move across the surface. So scientists rejected his hypothesis.

The theory of plate tectonics took evidence from the seafloor that allowed the plates to move across the earth's surface. Scientists noticed a long chain of volcanic mountains in the middle of the Atlantic ocean and alternating parallel bands of rock with magnetic crystals of differing polarity. Scientists were able to deduce that new oceanic crust was being produced at the mid-ocean ridges (those volcanic mountain ranges in the middle of oceans) and that magnetite crystals in those rocks produced there were aligning themselves to the earth's magnetic field at the time. And because of this they were able to deduce that the new rock was pushing the older rock away from the mid-ocean ridge, in turn moving the continents beyond the older seafloor

There is a mantle plume in the middle of the Pacific Ocean where magma from deep within the earth's surface reaches the earth's surface. This forms a volcano there. As the Pacific plate moves across the mantle plume, new volcanoes form as old ones die because it is away from the heat source. These volcanoes erode away, and as they do so the islands formed by them slowly shrink until they are completely beneath the waves .

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

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