Identify the sentence that contains a vague pronoun reference. a) the fact that austin was always late drove his girlfriend crazy. b) i really like the prom dress that angela bought at the new boutique. c) at a local barbecue restaurant, they provide each guest with a wet napkin. d) i knew malik was excited about his new car when i saw all the pictures he posted.

C) At a local barbecue restaurant, they provide each guest with a wet napkin.

A pronoun is the part of speech that replaces a noun. A vague pronoun reference occurs when the antecedent (the noun that the pronoun refers to) is not clear. It is a mistake that can make a narrative confusing or difficult to follow.

In this case, it is not clear who "they" are. It could be the managers, the owners, the servers, etc.

"urban sprawl, the spreading of large developments of housing and shopping areas around a city’s center, has many negative cultural and environmental effects. " (from your link)

so, your answer is: it has a negative effect on the environment, otherwise known as c~hope this mate.