Jefferson argues that civil judges cannot render opinions about the beliefs of others because of what tendency?
a. the tendency to prefer their own beliefs
b. the tendency to render lenient judgments
c. the tendency to confuse religious and civil acts
d. the tendency to want to limit civil capacities

A. Because of the tendency to prefer their own beliefs.

Thomas Jefferson often argued vehemently for the freedom of belief as a freedom all individuals should enjoy.  If judges were to make rulings about the beliefs of others, that would be a confusing of religious and civil spheres.  Jefferson drafted a bill regarding freedom of religious belief in 1777 ... and his views ultimately were enacted into law in 1786.  In his Statute of Religious Freedom, Jefferson wrote:

"Our civil rights have no dependence on our religious opinions, any more than our opinions in physics or geometry. ... To allow the civil magistrate to intrude his powers into the field of opinion, and to restrain the profession or propagation of principles on supposition of their ill tendency, is a dangerous fallacy, which at once destroys all religious liberty, because he being of course judge of the tendency will make his opinions the rule of judgment; and approve or condemn the sentiments of others only as they shall square with or differ from his own."

you need to include the text. we have no idea what you are referring to

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)