Jim is explaining certain project related details to samantha over the telephone samantha is drawing a graph to understand what jim is explaining which phase of the communication process is samantha carting out

The correct answer is: Decoding.

While Samantha is listening to Jim's message, she passes the information down to paper in a graph form. That's nothing more than just transmitting the data to a surface, that is, decoding the message that was already encoded.

Decoding is the receiver’s interpretation of the sender’s message. That's how Samantha got Jim's message. The receiver (Samantha) converts the message into a graph, analyzing what Jim was explaining and then, getting to understand it.

c, his tragic flaw to cause his downfall

the answer is academic paper

and the second should be college professor