Although there is may be others one possible theme of jonson poems is

i think its a bad thing why? one word flood

i believe that the correct answer is (d) the struggle between tradition and change.

explanation:

one of the central themes of edward abbey's work has been his staunch opposition to the glen canyon dam on the colorado river that created lake powell, destroying stunning scenery and wildlife habitat, endangering many rare species of fish and animals, and also irreparably destroying many important archaeological sites which provided information about the early inhabitants of the united states.