What are some rules for writing dialogue?
what does effective dialogue do for a narrative?

From what I know, the rules of writing dialogue are...

Use a comma to introduce

Use a comma when a dialogue follows quotes

Periods and commas go within closing quotations

Punctuation falls outside or inside closing quotations

Use single quotes when quoting inside dialogue itself

Use capitalization

Use paragraph breaks.

This might not answer your question fully but I hope this helps.

the students want to see the great sphinx of giza, which is very popular with tourists.