13.
the following question refers to “pronouns and antecedents.” if the following sentence uses the proper pronoun, mark the answer as true. if the sentence does not use the proper pronoun, mark the answer as false.
mom ran out of the room because she did not want to look at the mess.

true

false

the sentence does not violate the phrase structure second rule (introduced by noam chomsky) because noun phrases consist of a determiner such as a, the or every, and a noun. in the sentence, the noun phrase the cake includes a determiner (the) and a noun (cake).

on the other hand, the first rule indicates that a sentence encloses a noun phrase, followed by a verb phrase. the example sentence can be analysed as follows:

john (n) + ate (v) + the (det) + cake (n).