Aperson needs to be able to determine main ideas and essential details when he is reading listening speaking all the above none of the above

all of the above, because if you volunteered to read the passage to the class, then you would still need to do the work. And if you are listening you have to listen for those main ideas and such, and speaking is pretty much the same as reading.

adding more details about the struggle rainsford experiences as he swims to the shore

c, his tragic flaw to cause his downfall