1. which of the following words has a negative connotation?

meadow
mosses
stream
swamp

2.which of the following words has a positive connotation?

bewildering
drooping
beauty
fording

3. which phrase from muir's essay has a connotation of freedom and adventure?

"difficult to force one's way through"
"made the impression"
"splashed on through the swamp"
"welcomed as friends"

4.read the following excerpt of muir's "calypso borealis" and answer the question.

i wrote to the professor, telling him about this meeting with calypso, and he sent the letter to an eastern newspaper [the boston recorder] with some comments of his own. these, as far as i know, were the first of my words that appeared in print.

which word best describes the tone of this excerpt?

frustrated
overjoyed
proud
straightforward

5. what is diction?

an author's word choice
words that are inverted
connotation in dialect
formal language in poetry

6 read the following passage from muir's "calypso borealis" and answer the question.

after earning a few dollars working on my brother in law's farm near portage [wisconsin], i set off on the first of my long lonely excursions, botanizing in glorious freedom around the great lakes and wandering through innumerable tamarac and arbor-vitae swamps, and forests of maple, basswood, ash, elm, balsam, fir, pine, spruce, hemlock …

identify and explain the tone of this passage. what specific words contribute to the tone? then, explain how the tone of the passage would change if the words "burdensome labor" replaced the words "glorious freedom." be sure to identify the new tone and explain how the changed words create that tone. your response should be a paragraph of 3–5 sentences.

7.read the following passage from muir's "calypso borealis" and respond to the prompt.

[1] after earning a few dollars working on my brother-in law's farm near portage [wisconsin], i set off on the first of my long lonely excursions, botanising in glorious freedom around the great lakes and wandering through innumerable tamarac and arbor-vitae swamps, and forests of maple, basswood, ash, elm, balsam, fir, pine, spruce, hemlock, rejoicing in their bound wealth and strength and beauty, climbing the trees, revelling in their flowers and fruit like bees in beds of goldenrods, glorying in the fresh cool beauty and charm of the bog and meadow heathworts, grasses, carices, ferns, mosses, liverworts displayed in boundless profusion.

[2] the rarest and most beautiful of the flowering plants i discovered on this first grand excursion was calypso borealis (the hider of the north). i had been fording streams more and more difficult to cross and wading bogs and swamps that seemed more and more extensive and more difficult to force one's way through. entering one of these great tamarac and arbor-vitae swamps one morning, holding a general though very crooked course by compass, struggling through tangled drooping branches and over and under broad heaps of fallen trees, i began to fear that i would not be able to reach dry ground before dark, and therefore would have to pass the night in the swamp and began, faint and hungry, to plan a nest of branches on one of the largest trees or windfalls like a monkey's nest, or eagle's, or indian's in the flooded forests of the orinoco described by humboldt.

what creates tone in a piece of writing? identify the tone (or tones) of this passage. explain how the tone(s) is created, providing at least two examples from the passage and explaining how each contributes specifically to the tone(s) you identified. your response should be a paragraph of 5–7 sentences.