excerpt from the land and the name
bandini and warren

during the last few years, however, various events have happened to change this attitude. through its success in the late spanish war the united states gained confidence in its own powers, while the people of the old world began to realize that the young republic of the western hemisphere, since it did not hesitate to make war in the interests of humanity, would not be apt to allow its own rights to be imposed upon. the coming of the philippine and hawaiian islands under the protection of the united states, the russo-japanese war, which opened the eyes of the world to the strength of japan and the wisdom of securing its trade, and the action of the united states in undertaking the building of the panama canal, are indications that the pacific will in the future support a commerce the greatness of which we of today cannot estimate.
all of these details support the idea that in the future, the pacific will provide great commerce except
a) the russo-japanese war
b) the danger from european interference
c) the action of the united states in undertaking the building of the panama canal
d) the coming of the philippine and hawaiian islands under the protection of the united states