Which type of statement in a research-based literary essay does not have to be cited? a. a paraphrase of a chapter in a book b. a direct quotation from an online article c. biographical information on the author from an encyclopedia d. a quotation from the editor’s preface of the original book

A) A paraphrase of a chapter in a book.

Explanation:

-A) If you are paraphrasing something, you are putting it into your own words. However, the original author and source needs to be recognized, but it does not need to be cited.

-B) Direct quotations must be cited or else it is considered plagiarism (as is most pieces of work without citing).

-C) Encyclopedias have to be cited as well because they are the main source that people are drawing the factual evidence from.

-D) A direct quotation as well.

*Please note that I'm not 100% sure on this answer.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)