“it’s the choosing that’s important , isn’t it ? ” who said this? who is it said to and what is the purpose?

The Giver makes the remark to 11 year old Jonas, who is the protagonist in the  book, The Giver.

Explanation: The remark is a response to a statement by Jonas who stated, "If everything's the same, then there aren't any choices. I want to wake up in the morning and decide things. A blue tunic or a red one?... But it's all the same always." Jonas' world is beginning to unfold in which colors, and strong emotions make him very passionate about the world around him.

the sentence does not violate the phrase structure second rule (introduced by noam chomsky) because noun phrases consist of a determiner such as a, the or every, and a noun. in the sentence, the noun phrase the cake includes a determiner (the) and a noun (cake).

on the other hand, the first rule indicates that a sentence encloses a noun phrase, followed by a verb phrase. the example sentence can be analysed as follows:

john (n) + ate (v) + the (det) + cake (n).