In this excerpt, queen elizabeth relies heavily on a rhetorical appeal to pathos

answer: to inform

explanation: the red death is an exciting passage, but also in some ways scary, so it is not to amuse. the red death is far in the past, so it is not to warn.

the sentence does not violate the phrase structure second rule (introduced by noam chomsky) because noun phrases consist of a determiner such as a, the or every, and a noun. in the sentence, the noun phrase the cake includes a determiner (the) and a noun (cake).

on the other hand, the first rule indicates that a sentence encloses a noun phrase, followed by a verb phrase. the example sentence can be analysed as follows:

john (n) + ate (v) + the (det) + cake (n).