Read the passages from the article "kids save the day—'heroes' deemed by coast guard! " then answer the question about implicit and explicit ideas. "wow. what is that? " simon brimm remembers calling out to his long-time friend, hillary green. he and hillary had been friends since preschool, but they lived in different parts of the state now. they hadn't seen each other all summer. simon, hillary, and their families were taking a vacation together before middle school started next week. zavier gonzales and his cousins were also vacationing at the seaside that weekend. the wind had picked up and the seas were quite rough as swimmers, water boarders, and surfers struggled to stay afloat. separated from his family, and adrift on a small raft, it was xavier that simon saw bobbing along on the horizon. what implicit detail can be inferred from the sentence below? simon, hillary, and their families were taking a vacation together before middle school started next week.2

Read the passage, then answer the question that follows. no one could have seen it at the time, but the invention of beet sugar was not just a challenge to cane. it was a hint—just a glimpse, like a twist that comes about two thirds of the way through a movie—that the end of the age of sugar was in sight. for beet sugar showed that in order to create that perfect sweetness you did not need slaves, you did not need plantations, in fact you did not even need cane. beet sugar was a foreshadowing of what we have today: the age of science, in which sweetness is a product of chemistry, not whips. in 1854 only 11 percent of world sugar production came from beets. by 1899 the percentage had risen to about 65 percent. and beet sugar was just the first challenge to cane. by 1879 chemists discovered saccharine—a laboratory-created substance that is several hundred times sweeter than natural sugar. today the sweeteners used in the foods you eat may come from corn (high-fructose corn syrup), from fruit (fructose), or directly from the lab (for example, aspartame, invented in 1965, or sucralose—splenda—created in 1976). brazil is the land that imported more africans than any other to work on sugar plantations, and in brazil the soil is still perfect for sugar. cane grows in brazil today, but not always for sugar. instead, cane is often used to create ethanol, much as corn farmers in america now convert their harvest into fuel. –sugar changed the world, marc aronson and marina budhos how does this passage support the claim that sugar was tied to the struggle for freedom? it shows that the invention of beet sugar created competition for cane sugar. it shows that technology had a role in changing how we sweeten our foods. it shows that the beet sugar trade provided jobs for formerly enslaved workers. it shows that sweeteners did not need to be the product of sugar plantations and slavery.