According to the article ‘behaviorist theory on language learning and acquisition’, which one (1) of these ideas is central to the understanding and application of the behaviorist approach to language teaching?
a. language development is the result of habit-formation through conscious imitation.
b. language acquisition happens through intrinsic learning strategies that involve innovation and use of new phrases and clauses that have not been introduced to a learner.
c. learners’ acquisition of a language depends on social conditions, their own learning capacities, personal background and context-based experiences.

What is the meaning of the word checking as it is used in this sentence from the second paragraph of the passage?

Which three parts of this passage from chapter 6 of emily brontë's wuthering heights show that hindley earnshaw did not care about the well-being of catherine and heathcliff after the death of mr. earnshaw? they both promised fair to grow up as rude as savages; the young master being entirely negligent how they behaved, and what they did, so they kept clear of him. he would not even have seen after their going to church on sundays, only joseph and the curate reprimanded his carelessness when they absented themselves; and that reminded him to order heathcliff a flogging, and catherine a fast from dinner or supper. but it was one of their chief amusements to run away to the moors in the morning and remain there all day, and the after punishment grew a mere thing to laugh at. the curate might set as many chapters as he for catherine to get by heart, and joseph might thrash heathcliff till his arm ached; they forgot everything the minute they were together again: at least the minute they had contrived some naughty plan of revenge; and many a time i’ve cried to myself to watch them growing more reckless daily, and i not daring to speak a syllable, for fear of losing the small power i still retained over the unfriended creatures. one sunday evening, it chanced that they were banished from the sitting-room, for making a noise, or a light offence of the kind; and when i went to call them to supper, i could discover them nowhere. we searched the house, above and below, and the yard and stables; they were invisible: and, at last, hindley in a passion told us to bolt the doors, and swore nobody should let them in that night. the household went to bed; and i, too, anxious to lie down, opened my lattice and put my head out to hearken, though it rained: determined to admit them in spite of the prohibition, should they return.

Each state in america has a different seal, or symbol, that represents the traditional culture of that state. the state seal of georgia is rich in meaning, history, and patriotism. when was the seal adopted? 2georgia’s state constitution established the state seal in 1798. however, as georgia’s political circumstances changed, so too did the state’s seal. between 1863 and 1865, georgia used a different state seal to represent its separation from the rest of the country during the civil war. then, from 1868 to1871, georgia’s secretary of state nathan c. barnett hid the original seal when the capital was occupied by the north’s victorious enemy forces. he readopted the original seal in 1872. 4georgia’s state seal remained unchanged for 42 years. then, a law was passed that required the state to alter the date on the seal. the year 1799 had originally appeared on the seal to represent the year that the seal was officially adopted. the new law changed the date on the seal to 1776, the year that america’s founding fathers signed the declaration of independence. what does the seal look like? 5just as coins each have a “heads” side and a “tails” side, state seals also each have a front and a back. the front of the seal shows three tall columns, or pillars. perched atop these pillars is an arch that displays the word “constitution.” the two end pillars are each adorned with a ribbon-like banner that reads “wisdom” and “moderation.” a third banner, reading “justice,” hangs in front of the middle pillar. when read together, the banners make up the official state motto of georgia: “wisdom, justice, and moderation.” the seal also exhibits a picture of a soldier holding a sword. the words “state of georgia” appear along the top. the year 1776 is printed at the bottom. 6the back of the seal portrays a rural shoreline scene featuring a large ship and small boat. also included in the picture are bundles of tobacco plants and cotton and a farmer working in a field. across the top of the seal are the words “agriculture and commerce.” the bottom of the seal is also marked with the year 1776. what do the symbols on the seal represent? 7each item on the seal is symbolic of georgia’s history and the history of america as a united country. the pillars on the front stand for the three branches of government—legislative, executive, and judicial—and how they all work together to support the country and its constitution. the man holding the sword represents soldiers who defend the country and its laws. 8the boats on the back of the seal symbolize the agricultural commerce of georgia. similarly, the farmer and crop bundles represent georgia’s dependence on agriculture for survival. during the mid to late 1800s, over 700,000 cotton bales were produced each year. cotton is still a “king” crop in georgia. the state currently produces almost three million bales per year. this is only one reason why the state is an important asset to its country. read the passage on the left to answer the following questions: 13) the author's main purpose in writing this article is a) to inform. b) to create. c) to persuade. d) to entertain. 14) in paragraph eight, the word asset means a) benefit. b) debt. c) element. d) expense. 15) in paragraph six, the word portrays means a) condescends. b) deceives. c) honors. d) reveals.