Which of the following is not among the qualities of a good king?
a) graciousness of manner
b) nobility
c) wisdom
d) mental instability

repetition is used to emphasize a feeling or idea, create rhythm, and/or develop a sense of urgency.

the sentence does not violate the phrase structure second rule (introduced by noam chomsky) because noun phrases consist of a determiner such as a, the or every, and a noun. in the sentence, the noun phrase the cake includes a determiner (the) and a noun (cake).

on the other hand, the first rule indicates that a sentence encloses a noun phrase, followed by a verb phrase. the example sentence can be analysed as follows:

john (n) + ate (v) + the (det) + cake (n).