Noland bought a fancy new smart phone. it was a different brand of phone than his old phone, so he spent quite a few frustrating hours learning to use the new one. the problem was that he kept trying to tap icons on the new phone in the places they had been on his old phone. noland's problem was most likely due to:

Proactive

Explanation:

Proactive means not adjusting to change but trying to control the situation instead of allowing it and adapting to the new situation .

Noland is holding on to the idea of original phone she had , she is not adjusting to using this phone that is new .

She is not letting go of her old acquired behaviour of using the previous phone and hence she is finding it hard to use this new phone since she has really embraced it and the change it has brought .

walter refusing lindner's offer.